Strategic level

The European Security Strategy (ESS) dates from 2003 and outlines the main threats from the past decade, namely terrorism, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, regional conflicts, failing states and organised crime. The ESS also reflects Europe’s desire to play a central role in international affairs.
In December 2008, the European Council approved a text on the implementation of the European Security Strategy.

NATO’s current Strategic Concept was drafted in 2010. The Strategic Concept was then revised at the NATO summit held in Lisbon at the end of that year.